The prevalence of symptoms of pica was found to be 30.7%, accounting for 118 adolescents. Their median (interquartile range) age was 15.1 (13.1‒16.3) years. Of the 384 enrolled adolescents, 180 (46.9%) were male and 204 (53.1%) were female. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Weight and height were measured using a standard procedure, and the body mass index Z-score was computed using the World Health Organization’s reference values. Sociodemographic information (age, sex, mother’s education, mother’s occupation, and father’s education) was collected through a questionnaire. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of symptoms of pica among adolescent schoolchildren in northern Sudan.Ī school‑based cross‑sectional study was conducted from July to September 2022 among adolescent students (aged 10–19 years) in four public primary and secondary schools in Almatamah locality in north Sudan. There are few published data on pica among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, and no study has been carried- out in Sudan. None of the other individuals in control of the content for this article reported relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.įor details, please review our full conflict of interest (COI) policy.Pica, the craving for and purposive eating of non-food items, is a common worldwide problem, especially among children and pregnant women. All of the relevant financial relationships listed for the following individuals have been mitigated: Alexandra Willis (copyeditor, was previously employed by OPEN Health Communications). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Gestational Iron Deficiency Is Associated with Pica Behaviors in Adolescents. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica in a large cohort of blood donors. Liu H, Burns RT, Spencer BR, Page GP, Mast AE.Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology. Fifteen-minute consultation: the child with pica. Pica: A Common Condition that is Commonly Missed - An Update Review. Pica in pregnancy and young children is typically self-limited. Referral for behavioral therapy or psychotherapy may be necessary, especially for patients with intellectual disabilities.Help children to distinguish between edible and nonedible substances.Suggest substitutions (e.g., replacing sand and pebbles with Grape Nuts).For patients with refractory symptoms, SSRIs may be considered.Educate patients and caregivers on the condition and potential complications.Treat associated complications of pica (e.g., treatment of malnutrition, lead poisoning, bowel obstruction).Mental health disorders: See “ Treatment of ADHD” and “ Treatment of schizophrenia.”.Micronutrient or electrolyte abnormalities : See “ Iron therapy for iron deficiency anemia ” and “ Electrolyte repletion.Screen for red flags for eating disorders and, if present, admit for inpatient management.Management involves a multidisciplinary team (e.g., physicians, dietitians, social workers, dentists). X-ray long bones to assess for lead lines.X-ray abdomen to assess for paint chips and/or retained foreign bodies in the GI tract.See also “ Diagnostics of bowel obstruction.”.Blood gas if acid-base abnormalities are suspected.Consider the following based on the ingested substance:.Pregnancy test for patients of childbearing age.Basophilic stippling suggests lead toxicity.Hypochromic, microcytic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency or lead toxicity.CBC with differential: May also reveal eosinophilia, suggestive of a parasitic infection (see “ Complications of pica”).If another medical or psychiatric condition is present, the pica behavior warrants specific clinical management.Not part of culturally or socially normative practice.Persistent ingestion of nonnutritive nonfood substances(e.g., hair, clay, soil, ice, paint chips).
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